Charleston Walking Tours - National Park Service Centennial Celebrations

All across the nation, the National Park Service is celebrating its Centennial Year with special events at its parks nationwide. In Charleston, SC we have three National Park sites  including Fort Sumter National Monument, Fort Moultrie, and Charles Pinckney National Historic Site. 

 The Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12 1861 was the first battle of the War Between the States. Fort Moultrie was built for the War of 1812 but sits on the site of an earlier wooden fort. That fort, Fort Sullivan, was the primary defense for a city under attack by  the British on June 28,1776. Against apparently insurmountable odds, the  Patriots won the day. The Battle of Fort Sullivan was the first victory in the Revolutionary War against a British attack by land and sea. The Charles Pinckney Historic site is the country seat of Charles Pinckney. A signer of the US Constitution, 25 clauses in the Constitution are uniquely attributable to Pinckney, more than any other signer.

As a Centennial Celebration Event, authors have been invited to present and sign their books that have NPS or park related themes. Offered from the public auditorium at Fort Moultrie, this NPS Centennial event will connect with new audiences for the park and create Find Your Park experiences. On 23rd 2016, CL Bragg will present his book Crescent Moon Over Carolina. March 25th author Grahame Long will present Stolen Charleston: The Spoils of War. June 25th, Danny Bernstein will present the book Forests, Alligators, Battlefields: My Journey through the National Parks of the South. And finally on September 24th 2016, we will learn about the book For Brotherhood and Duty: The Civil War History of the West Point Class of 1862 by Brian McEnany.  This event is offered  in conjunction with the Fourth Saturday Musket firings in January, March, June and September. For details on National Park Service events in your neighborhood, go to findyourpark.com/find

Charleston Christmas Walking Tour -Celebrate the Season!

What was Christmas in Charleston like....

In 1860? Five days after South Carolina seceded from the Union?
In 1886? Four months after the Great Earthquake?
In 1929? Two months after the Black Friday Stock Market Crash?

Hear about these events while we tour the streets of Charleston made even more beautiful by Christmas decorations! Visit churches decked out for the Season!

City Christmas Tree at Marion Square

 2 PM DAILY (except Christmas)

Call for reservations 843 343 4851

Tours depart in front of the Liberty Center at 151 Meeting Street

Charleston Tours - Christmas in Charleston 1860

Christmas in Charleston is a special time of year! In a city where old traditions persist, it is a city of Holiday gatherings, festoons and greenery, old china and Grandma’s pound cake. Celebrations have evolved through the Years. Christmas trees were a novelty in the 1850s, and Christmas Pie (today we know it as “Mince Meat Pie” was on every table. I  am putting together a Special Christmas in Charleston Tour, so I want to make everyone aware of Christmas 1860 at the Edmondston Alston House.

 Tonight, the Edmondston Alston House is presenting a candle light reenactment of Christmas 1860. If you have never attended it is a powerful event. Assisted by the Washington Light Infantry in period garb, you’ll never forget it. For that reason, I have compiled a picture of Christmas 1860 in Charleston as reported in the newspapers.

Keep in mind that only five days earlier, on December 20, 1860, the very document that removed South Carolina from the Union, the Ordinance of Secession, had been signed on Meeting Street. Society was in an upheaval. There had already been a shock in the financial markets., yet this did not stop the Christmas revelry as reported in the Charleston Courier

But Charlestonians, convinced that their cause was right and that the Federal  government would never challenge, joined their enthusiasm for Secession with their Yuletide festivities. Over at the South Carolina Institute Hall there has been a move to rename it Secession Hall. The Charleston Daily Courier announces a big event to celebrate the Holidays:

“at  Secession Hall, the George Christie Troupe (The Christie Minstrels?) would be present to dedicate it, under  that name, with a new and original “Secession Polka”, composed by one of them, and dedicated to the “Palmetto Minute Men of Charleston”. The hall is rich and promising in other good things, and the past triumphs of the Troupe leave no doubt of the success of this Christmas Eve entertainment”. Charleston Daily Courier 12/22/1860

For many, Christmas was like any year. Reverend Porter went about feeding and gifting poor children as was his vocation, the holy man that he was. The German Church sponsored a Christmas Tree Display. The New England Society attended their Annual Forefathers Day Feast, which celebrated the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. The Charleston Mercury announced:

  “The 42^nd Anniversary of the New England Society was celebrated on Saturday evening at the Mills House. The banquet spread was in the usual excellent style of MSSRS Nickerson and Purcell, but it was noticed that attendance was not so large as in former years.” Charleston Mercury 12/12/1860

Since they were from New England, a part of the country that was late to adopt Christmas as a holiday, it is curious to see that they had a feast not unlike Thanksgiving so close to Christmas. Celebrated on December 22, the menu for 1859 showed 60 items on the buffet (!), including East River Oysters from Manhattan. It is sobering to note that the Banquet was cancelled the following year and instead, $1000 was donated to the Cause.

At home there was an assured sense of normalcy. The Mercury reports:

” Santa Claus  bore as heavy  a load of of choice gifts down the chimneys of our houses last night…..his assistants tottering under burdens of brown paper…full of noisy painted things., but the thought of the joy they would occasion at the spring of the Yule converted the shame  to an honor and made the burden light.   “

There was an apparent shame in carrying a huge bundle of gifts, (unless you were Santa , of course!) 

  

Christmas Day, with all those gifts to unwrap, was a joyous day for children. The sun rose on a dreary day, foggy and damp. But the spirits of the children were hardly dampened by the weather. For the young it was all about presents, firecrackers and deviltry. Reports the Mercury;

“Young Charleston was not so easily to be deprived of the privileges and enjoyment of the Festival…muddy youngsters escaped from the parental roof…to revel in the Christmas fun and Christmas fog. Within doors there was the usual frolic and enjoyment, and the fact that they were no longer people of the United States did not diminish a whit of the zest with which relished their turkeys and demolished their plum puddings and mince pies. We venture to predict that next Christmas they will eat them with even keener enjoyment.”Charleston Mercury 12/27/1860

The Mercury also gives a post-game assessment of Christmas 1860:

“It  was feared by many that the Christmas that dawned today would be comparatively dull and silent, that there would be few Christmas trees  the stockings almost empty and the Yule fire would burn with a weaker flame.  We rejoiced in the dispersion of all these ill apprehensions.

Apparently, Black Friday is nothing new, as indicated from the same article:

“So crowded were our favorite toy stores that it was difficulty that one was waited upon….some favorite marts were thronged to the doors .It was impossible to elbow a passage through the living ranks. Charleston Courier 12/27/1860”

Anxiety over Secession was overshadowed by a confident  belief that their Cause, Secession and Independence, was the right thing, and that their future was secured. No sons had been lost, no farms burned, no evacuations ordered. It was the last such Christmas.

Charleston Tours and That Crescent on the State Flag –What’s That All About?

When visitors tour Charleston, there is always an interest in our beautiful South Carolina state flag. On my Charleston walking tours, I always point out the flag and use it as a teaching tool.

Its Palmetto tree and crescent moon look like a designer logo welcoming visitors to beautiful sandy beaches and nights with dreamy Carolina moons. Visitors love learning that palmetto logs were purposely used to erect a harbor defense during the Revolutionary War. Dubbed Fort Sullivan, our Patriots won the day on June 28,1776 because the palmetto log walls absorbed the powerful onslaught of the British navy. The cannon balls were absorbed or deflected by the spongy wood which held through the battle. This gave the Patriots, under command of Major William Moultrie, the decisive edge needed  to repulse the enemy. This victory was the first decisive victory in the Revolutionary War of an American force over  a British land and sea force. At a time when the War was at a standstill in the north, victory at Charles Towne was huge. The battle standard that flew over the fort was a deep blue field with a crescent in the top left corner, and the word Liberty splayed boldly across the center.

The Moultrie Flag

For this reason , the palmetto tree emerged as the symbol of liberty in South Carolina.  In 1832 South Carolina first attempted to leave the Union, an event called the Nullification Crisis. Caroline Gilman, wife of the Unitarian minister and a noted author, wrote a friend in Philadelphia that Palmetto trees were being planted up and down the streets!  The state flag continues Moultrie’s theme of the blue background and the crescent, but replaced the “Liberty” with the Palmetto tree. Adopted in 1860, the flag has remained essentially the same over time

But the crescent is a constant. Chosen by William Moultrie for his battle standard, there is an old story that goes with it. The fanciful story goes that Moultrie was challenged to a duel as a young man, and the choice of weapons was swords. Prepared for battle, Moultrie wore a gorget plate that literally saved his neck when his opponent went to slice off his head. Forever his lucky charm, he placed the gorget on his flag.

A gorget is a metal plate  worn around the neck as a defensive armor piece. It is  designed to deflect sword blows to the neck and shoulder. Never manipulated by hand or used to attack an enemy, its purpose comes into play only when the enemy has bested you to the point of having an opening to take your head. One might think that William Moultrie would play down this scenario if such were the case. No, I modestly put forth that the crescent  has a different meaning.

After all, the crescent was adopted by no less than five South Carolina Patriot militia units in 1775 well before the Battle of Fort Moultrie and the Moultrie flag. Moultrie’s use of the crescent joined his unit with others that had previously chosen it as the Revolution ramped up.

What made the crescent so special to rally the troops? Some might claim that Moultrie was so popular and famous that his symbol carried over. But this symbol was adopted before Moultrie by other militias. Was Moultrie that famous by 1775? Colonial militias units often designed their flags with elements of English heraldry including shields, broad axes, bundled arrows and the mace. Armored helmets and eagles also figure prominently. They depict  offensive weapons or chivalric symbols of bravery and aggression. These were largely abandoned by Patriot militia and Continental Army units. Yet the crescent is unique to our flag and unique to our state.

Many assert that the crescent symbolizes a gorget. Webster defines the gorget as

1

:  a piece of armor protecting the throat

2

a :  an ornamental collar

b :  a part of a wimple covering the throat and shoulders

c :  a specially colored patch on the throat

Gorget as body armor

This illustration of a medieval gorget in no way resembles the crescent found on the state flag. It is a a piece of body armor worn by knights of old, appropriate for a jousting tournament. The crescent does resemble the necklace/ ornamental collar worn by George Washington as part of a formal dress uniform. Here we see George Washington  depicted wearing a gorget.

Washington in formal dress uniform after French and Indian War

So I ask the question, why was this crescent symbol chosen to rally the troops? Flags are designed to rally the troops to acts of bravery and patriotism. Spears and  arrows, of course, but a necklace???? Why the gorget?

I put forth the idea that the gorget as we know it is a symbol from English Heraldry. It is the symbol of the second sons. The probable explanation why we find George Washington sporting the gorget is that his grandfather, Lawrence Washington, was the first of his family to settle in Virginia. He was the second son of Lawrence Washington, an Anglican vicar.

In English Heraldry, the symbol of the Second Sons is the Crescent. Adopted at the time of the Crusades, the eldest son stayed home and oversaw his holdings while the Second Sons ventured to Palestine seeking glory and treasure. They brought back the Islamic Crescent as their proud symbol. A simple Google search for “English Heraldry second sons” immediately brings up the gorget as worn by George Washington .  http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/cadency.html

Similarly, many early settlers to South Carolina were second and third sons. The Law of Primogenitor left entire estates to the eldest sons. Younger siblings might practice law, enter the military or engage in trade. For those who loved the land, their destiny would be planting. Huge fortunes were made in one generation off tobacco in Virginia and sugar cane in the West Indies. It was possible for a young adventurer with a passion for planting to establish himself in the New World as landed gentry with an estate sometimes equal or greater than that of his elder brother. Generous land grants attracted second sons to Carolina.

It is the same symbol used by South Carolina militias by 1775 and later adopted by Moultrie.  So we can put this argument to rest. South Carolina was settled by second sons who prospered, fought and died while  establishing their legacy in the rich lands of Carolina. Their symbol displays prominently on our flag along with the symbol of South Carolina Liberty, the Palmetto tree.

She’s a grand old flag!

Charleston Old Walled City Tours offers guided tours  daily and by appointment. Check out our webpage at www.walledcitytours.com or call us at 843 343 4851.

Charleston Ghost Tours -- A Spooky Tale Just in Time for Halloween!

Edward Teach aka Blackbeard

Charleston is a city of memory. Through its many years  the city has experienced a rich confluence of wars, pestilence and flood. This has created a rich tapestry of lore and legend. One such legend was  related to me by an old Charleston dowager named Adeline. My good friend Dan lived with Adeline in a grand old house facing White Point Gardens. One Indian Summer evening in late September 15 years or so back, Dan, Adeline and I were sitting on the upstairs porch watching the sun set over the Ashley River. The weather was perfect, and I asked Dan why they had the house shut up tight as a drum, that old place was designed to ventilate. But Dan ignored my question, but not Adeline, she pipes up: “Don’t you know boy, it gets eerie around here this time of the year. I don’t like it, we keep the windows shut.” I thought maybe she was talking about the kids that like to party on the seawall. But then, she started into a tale which takes us back to the earliest days of the colony,  Most often, these tales reflect an ethic of strength and courage in adversity. But there is one tale of a terrified populace fleeing for the hills, and that would be Adeline’s story of Blackbeard’s raid in the spring of 1718.
Blackbeard’s raid was his biggest take ever, seizing 11 ships coming and going. He himself had an Armada of seven ships with 400 men. Lurking beyond the bar, he seized a ship entering port which held important local officials, among them was Samuel Wragg, the comptroller for the colony, and his five year old son John. Pirates were a democratic sort in their dealings with each other, and so it was  that Blackbeard called his pirate comrades together to inform them that they had hostages. His question to them, “Look boys, we have hostages, more valuable than gold itself. What is it that we desire from the good people of Charles Towne?”

The pirates had already accumulated enough booty to make each wealthy for a lifetime. But there was one thing they desperately needed that they did not have: Medicine. They needed medicine to treat diseases they had picked up from young ladies in Jamaica. There was  an old saying: “One night with Venus, a lifetime with Mercury.”

Sending his first mate Ezra Hand and two rowers into the city to demand medicine, the rowers immediately disappeared into the taverns and the brothels. Hand presents his terms to Governor Johnson, who initially refuses to surrender anything to the pirates.

Blackbeard's " Jolly Roger"

A day passes and Blackbeard’s men do not return. Blackbeard assumes that his men have been captured and jailed by the Governor.  Flying his Jolly Roger, Blackbeard enters the harbor and sends a second demand to Johnson: "Return my men with the medicine and  I will leave the city unmolested, if not, I will loot the city and burn it to the ground!"

 The sight of pirate ships in the harbor terrorizes the townspeople and they flee for the woods. Panicked, the Governor orders a house to house search to find the drunken pirates. Pulled from a brothel, they and First Mate Hand are returned to Blackbeard with medicine in tow. This time , Blackbeard is true to his word and departs, leaving word that they were  sailing for point south.

But Governor Johnson has had his fill of pirates. He commissions Colonel William Rhett to take three swift ships to track Blackbeard and bring him back to Charles Towne for justice. But Blackbeard gets away. Instead Rhett returns with Stede Bonnet , the Gentleman Pirate, and his crew of 29 pirates  who were, after all, with Blackbeard at the siege of the city.

 In those days there was but one building in Charles Towne stout and strong enough to hold 29 pirates, and that building was the old Court of Guard , which stood at the foot of Broad Street where today we have the Old Exchange. The basement where the pirates were kept was not a nice place. Sitting directly on the waterfront, the basement took on water at the high tide. The pirates found themselves every day, twice a day, up to their knees in the filth and nasty to be found in the waters of an eighteenth century trading ports. Seven of them died from exposure and they, dear reader, were the lucky ones. You see, the other twenty two were condemned to death by hanging Judge Nicholas Trott. Their sentence was to hang by the neck until dead.  They were escorted to White Point, today the site of our lovely park, only to discover that twenty two gallows had been erected, one for each. They watched in horror as one by one their comrades were lead to the platform, the nooses were placed around their necks, the trap doors dropped, and they danced the hempen jig.

Stede Bonnet dances the Hempen Jig

After all twenty two pirates were thoroughly dead, the good people of Charles Towne had plans for the bodies. And that , my friends, is why I tell you that the first seven were the lucky ones. You see, in order tp preserve the bodies a while longer, they covered the bodies in boiling tar and pitch. They then placed the bodies in chain harnesses with arms and legs akimbo as a sign to any other pirates, and hoisted them high at the waterfront as sign to other pirates: This is what we do to your type, stay away from Charles Towne!

The bodies were left hanging for three weeks. In a sultry Lowcountry Indian Summer, as you might imagine, their fate was rancid stinking rot. And let’s not forget the contributions of the seagulls and the buzzards, swooping in on the bloated corpses, pecking at the putrid flesh through the cracks in the tar. (The eyeballs went first.) It wasn’t long before body parts began to falloff and on to the ground. As they fell, they were gathered daily and buried in the pluff mud at the low water mark. At the high tide, the graves were covered with sea water, and exposed again at the low tide. You see, in pirate tradition , to be buried at land was right and honorable. To be buried at sea was likewise right and honorable; but to be buried at neither land nor sea , where the tide rose and the tide fell, that was the guarantee of an afterlife in Davy Jones Locker – a dark, hellish netherworld.

And so they claim, that if you down to White Point Gardens, our lovely park, on an Indian Summer night, in late September, in the middle of the night:

That’s not the wind you hear whistling in the trees, but rather the curses, the screams of the pirates, condemned to their hellish netherworld.

Charleston Old Walled City Tours offers Ghost Tours for your family, school, or corporate group by appointment. Call 8433434851 for details or got to www.walledcitytours.com

The History Behind the Confederate Flag

  The Confederate Battle Flag  at the Confederate Monument in Columbia has been a source of contention since its first placement atop the State House dome in 1962. Perhaps a little history on the flag itself is in order.

  Sad events in Charleston South Carolina have created the impetus to remove the flag once and finally from the State House Grounds   It is ironic that that this  flag was the design of a Charlestonian who worked just three blocks away from Mother Emanuel Church.  William Porcher Miles  (July 4, 1822 – May 11, 1899) was  a tenured  Professor of Mathematics at the College of Charleston from 1843 to 1855. An ardent  States Rights advocate and  supporter of slavery, he is numbered among the notorious  Southern Secessionists who came to be known as the “Fire Eaters”, who considered  any northern efforts to restrict slavery as justification for secession. Elected as mayor of Charleston in 1855 and then serving in the United States House of Representatives from 1857 until South Carolina seceded in December 1860, Miles went on to represent his state in the Confederate House of Representatives

  As a member of the Confederate Congress, he chaired the Badges and Flag Committee which was tasked with creating a national flag for the Confederate States. The battle flag was rejected as the national flag in 1861.Instead, General Robert E. Lee  adopted it as the battle flag for his Army of Northern Virginia.

  For some the flag is a symbol of bravery, sacrifice and defense of hearth and home. It symbolizes the ultimate sacrifice of those who died for Southern Independence in the War Between the States.  For many, this flag is a great symbol of heritage and solemn remembrance. The graves of those who died in the War for Southern Independence are even today decorated with this flag. But for others, it is a dark symbol. It symbolizes the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. It represents racial hatred and terrorism.

  April 9, 1865 was a sad day for the 28,000 strong  Army of Northern Virginia. It was the day that marked the end of the long struggle by southern states for independence. General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to General Grant at Appomattox. Grant’s terms were generous, allowing the men to go home and carry their personal property. Officers were even allowed to keep their swords. Grant wanted to strike a tone of reconciliation. As the surrender was announced, his men commenced firing a salute of a hundred guns in honor of the victory.

 Quoting Grant “. I at once sent word, however, to have it stopped. The Confederates were now our prisoners, and we did not want to exult over their downfall. “

. General Robert E Lee announced the terms of surrender to his vanquished troops. Among his final orders he declared:,

 “Let us furl the banner, never to unfurl it again”

. Robert E Lee became a symbol of national reconciliation. The leader of a Confederate army earned respect and admiration both north and south. Because Robert E Lee was such a great man, and because he set the tone for reconciliation after the War, he was lionized, and rightly so, by vanquished southerners. He aimed to set the tone for healing the wounds of a war torn nation. Shortly after the War he became president of Washington College, later Washington and Lee University. The day he was sworn in as college President, he took an oath to “henceforth” support the U.S. Constitution, his recommendation to all former Confederates. At his funeral in 1870, no flags of the Confederacy were displayed.. Lee did not want such divisive symbols following him to the grave. Former Confederate soldiers marching did not don their old military uniforms, and neither did the body they buried. The flag was folded up and put away, making occasional appearances at funerals and later, Veteran’s reunions.

  The flag is frequently associated with the KKK., but it is inaccurate to claim the KKK took it up during Reconstruction. There is little evidence that the 19th century Klan ever took it up.  Founded in 1866 by ex-Confederate soldiers and other Southerners opposed to Reconstruction, the Klan was primarily a white terrorist organization that carried out hundreds of murders. The Klan waned and disbanded  with the firm establishment of Jim  Crow by the 1890s .

 The desecration of the Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia started with the release of D. W. Griffith's film The Birth of A Nation in 1915.  The film portrayed the Klansmen as great heroes, and Griffith appropriated the Confederate banner for the movie.. This movie was sensational for cinematic excellence, and is even today numbered among the greatest examples of cinematic skill. But it was also sensational for its dark content. The Birth of a Nation played to the deepest and darkest fears of the white population presenting a warped history of Reconstruction. with  the KKK as heroes and Southern blacks as villains and violent rapists and threats to the social order. It held great appeal to white Americans who subscribed to the mythic, romantic view (similar to Sir Walter Scott historical romances) of the Old Plantation South.   The Klan was portrayed as the South's savior from Black tyranny. And these heroes, clad in white robes and pointy white hats. saved the day leading with --- you guessed it---Robert E. Lee’s battle flag. Promotional posters for Birth of A Nation featured the flag, reviving this Confederate symbol as a respectable symbol of White Supremacy.
 

  When President Woodrow Wilson saw the film, he commented: "It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true." African-American audiences were horrified and wept in their seats, while white audiences cheered. A frenzy of racial hatred swept the nation as white mobs roamed city streets attacking blacks. there were riots in Boston and Philadelphia.  In Lafayette, Indiana, a white man killed a black teenager after seeing the movie. Consequently, it was denied release in many other places (Chicago, Ohio, Denver, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and Minneapolis). The Confederate Flag became the symbol of White Supremacy.

The film inspired "Colonel" William Joseph Simmons to revive the Klan. Setting a cross on fire atop a mountain was his  first official to mark the rebirth of the Klan. The resurrected Klan targeted blacks, Jews and Catholics with its message of hate. The Klan promoted fundamentalism and devout patriotism along with advocating white supremacy. They blasted bootleggers, motion pictures and espoused a return to "clean" living. Appealing to folks uncomfortable with the shifting nature of America from a rural agricultural society to an urban industrial one, the Klan attacked the elite, urbanites and intellectuals.
 

  Their message struck a chord, and membership in the Klan ballooned in the 1920s. By the middle of the decade, estimates for national membership in this secret organization ranged from three million to as high as eight million Klansmen. The Confederate Battle Flag became a national symbol for a powerful national organization. In the 1920s, the Klan moved in many states to dominate local and state politics. Known as the "Invisible Empire," the KKK's presence was felt across the country.

   In 1925 Klan leader David C. Stephenson, was convicted for second-degree murder. Charges of  corruption by other members such as the governor of Indiana and the mayor of Indianapolis brought on a steep decline in membership. By 1944 the national organization was disbanded. Nonetheless, across the nation, pockets persisted that terrorized blacks in the countryside. Lynchings and house burnings were not uncommon. The symbols present at these horrific events were burning crosses and the Confederate Flag. These events etched the flag in the minds of many Blacks as a symbol of domestic terrorism.
 

  The next incarnation of the Confederate Flag came in 1948 when President Harry Truman’s Committee on Civil Rights ordered an immediate desegregation of the Armed Forces. This created a shudder of horror in the Deep South, and the backlash resulted in the formation of the States Rights Democratic Party, popularly called “Dixiecrats”. Their nominee for President was Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina. Here is the Party Platform:

"We stand for the segregation of the races and the racial integrity of each race; the constitutional right to choose one's associates; to accept private employment without governmental interference, and to earn one's living in any lawful way. We oppose the elimination of segregation, the repeal of miscegenation statutes, the control of private employment by Federal bureaucrats called for by the misnamed civil rights program. We favor home-rule, local self-government and a minimum interference with individual rights.”

   The flag appeared at Dixiecrat  conventions and rallies as the proud banner of segregation. Desegregation in schools and universities, coupled with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, prompted leadership in the Deep South to raise the Confederate Flag above their state houses. Many incorporated it into the design of their state flags. It rose above the State House in Columbia in 1961 to supposedly commemorate the Centennial of the Battle of Fort Sumter. But it was also a statement that South Carolina would never bow to desegregation.
General Robert E Lee’s sadly misappropriated flag was removed from the flagstaff atop the Capitol in 2000 and was placed at the Confederate Monument on the State House Grounds. But now, the flag has come down from the State House Grounds. A symbol of heritage to some, a symbol of  terrorism to others. The young man that killed the nine martyrs at Mother Emanuel AME Church in June wrapped himself in that flag, and so now the flag has been furled, never to fly again. At least not on the State House grounds.
General Robert E Lee would be pleased.

Charleston House and Garden Tours - Springtime in Charleston!

What could be more beautiful than springtime in Charleston? It's nothing new, you know. People have been coming to Charleston for the high spring bloom for nigh 150 years, when Reverend Drayton opened  the Gardens at Magnolia Plantation to the public. Charlestonians have been in love with ornamental gardening for many more years than that. It was in the 1740s that Mrs. Lamboll first  planted her ornamental garden in the neighborhood of the street that bears the name. Her "Gardener's Chronicle" was in high demand and widely read by a generation of budding garden fanciers. Eighteenth century Charlestonians flocked to the docks to buy exotic saplings and bulbs  off the ships arriving from the Orient.  Many of the great plantations were improved with gardens at this time.  The gardens at Middleton Place, with its butterfly terraces, were being laid out in the French style circa 1760. Harriett Horry Ravenel, writing in 1906, reflects on Charleston gardens before 1800 :

" In the town, behind their high walls, grew oleanders and pomegranates, figs and grapes, and orange trees, both sweet and bitter, and bulbs brought from Holland, jonquils and hyacinths.The air was fragrant with the sweet olive, myrtle and gardenia. There were old fashioned roses! The cinnamon, the York and Lancaster, the little white musk and the sweet Damascus. The glossy leaved Cherokee clothed the walls with its great white disks, and was crowded with jasmine and honeysuckle."



Mrs. Whaley's Garden

Thomas Rose House Garden, the design of Loutrell Briggs
 

Such a fitting description of Charleston ! Isn't it great that some things never change? So you locals, busy in your everyday lives, take time out to 'smell the roses" so to speak this year. Just take a walk downtown or visit the Gardens. Charleston Old Walled City Tours offers a Charleston Home and Garden Tour five days a week at 1:30. For details go to http://walledcitytours.com/tours/charleston-home-and-garden-walk.html For those of you from off, it looks like peak bloom, barring a disastrous frost, should be March 27-April 10. Come see Charleston painted pastel and create memories that will last a lifetime!